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"Fabrication of substrates is demanding and also MBE related processes are demanding and finetuned over long periods of time. Substrates have to be able to meet high quality - and substrate quality problems are unlikely to be fixed by optimizing the MBE processes. Weak or unsuitable substrate wafers\u2019 quality is likely to cause cumulative increase in costs and also lead to significant losses in research results. Contracting authority\u2019s research personnel has extensive cumulative know-how on how to grow on AXT-Tongmei\u2019s supplied substrate wafers the high quality thin film structures for photonic devices.",
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