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"The aim is to purchase for Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) a continuous Planetary Roller Extruder (PRE) that uses little water and energy. In PRE, the central axis (solar axis) rotates several smaller axes (planetary axes) at the outer edge on which the material to be extruded passes. PRE is composed of several about meter-long modules with about meter-long planetary axes. There should be a replaceable ring between the modules to adjust the filling level and pressure of the module. The planetary axes and rings in each module of PRE should be able to be modified according to whether grinding, mixing, cooling, drying, or enhancing bio- and chemical reactions are required. It must be possible to supply solids, gases, liquids, and vacuum to the modules. Compared to a twin-screw extruder, in which the main functions take place only in the counter-screw.",
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"In PRE, heat and cooling should be provided by a heat transfer medium which is water or oil. The large heat transfer surface produces efficient and accurate heat transfer. The twin-screw extruder also generates heat by friction, which is affected by the raw material. In PRE, the frictional heat that makes it difficult to control the heat is apparently small.",
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"The goal is to produce fine aseptic flour, flakes, and vacuum oiled structures with a multi-screw extruder. PRE must be able to grind, for example, oat bran and berry seeds. With cold extrusion should be able to make ice cream, for example. It is assumed that wet extrusion works better in a PRE than in a twin-screw extruder because the wet mass moves efficiently forward. ",
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"It is also an object that reactive extrusion is more efficient in PRE than in a twin-screw extruder because all modules can be optimized separately. In addition, grinding, mixing, and heat transfer should be more efficient in PRE. The aim is that PRE works well as a bioreactor because its mixing and heat control are better than in a twin-screw extruder. PRE brings out the bioactive compounds in the materials because it grinds very efficiently. The advantage of PRE is that in the processes it is possible to use more fat.",
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"With multi-screw extrusion and reactive extrusion, we can utilize different material side streams and their processing in the same unit in a new way:",
"\u2022 Energy efficiently",
"\u2022 Using low water",
"\u2022 Financially",
"\u2022 Saving the environment",
"\u2022 Versatility",
"\u2022 Synergistically.",
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"The versatile application areas of multi-screw extrusion are as follows:",
"- Packaging materials (from recycled and natural raw materials, natural fractions, foams from natural fractions)",
"- Consumables (from recycled and natural raw materials)",
"- Building materials (from recycled and natural raw materials)",
"- Fertilizers (from natural raw materials)",
"- Fractionation processes (from natural raw materials)",
"- Other possibilities (from recycled and other raw materials)",
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"At present, Luke utilizes twin-screw extrusion technology in food and feed product development in various projects. The essential difference between multi-screw (6 screws) and twin-screw extruders is that a multi-screw extruder has several reaction zones for biochemical and chemical reactions whereas a conventional twin-screw extruder has only one reaction zone."
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