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"BACKGROUND INFO",
"",
"Advanced ceramics research group at the Materials Science and Environmental Engineering (MSEE) unit at Engineering Natural Sciences faculty (Tampere University) develops next-generation electrode materials for future high performance, safe, solid-state Lithium-ion batteries. Such materials are handled and processed in controlled atmosphere in a glove box. ",
"The best materials require the most optimum heat treatment programs to form the correct material phase that yield the best performance for safe and durable batteries. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement is commonly used in academia to confirm and identify phases in materials science.",
"",
"",
"NEED",
"",
"To achieve the correct material phases in battery materials, the optimum temperature for heat treatment is necessary. For this, a high-temperature XRD chamber in a controlled reactive atmosphere, ranging from room temperature to 900 \u00b0C is needed. Furthermore, not only measurement but also the analysis of data is crucial, to determine and identify the correct phases. MSEE has observed that some suppliers provide measurement equipment but lack analysis tools and may have a limited database for comparing our raw data.",
"",
"In-situ XRD measurement for battery materials, depending on the materials such as lithium phosphorus sulphide and lithium phosphorus oxynitride, may require N2, O2, or Ar, at ambient or higher pressures, ranging from room temperature to higher temperatures. \"Additionally, the XRD system should allow electrical measurements for coin cells for cycling tests at variable temperatures, a critical requirement for testing half cells developed at Tampere university. ",
"",
"For in-situ testing of fuel cell materials, a controlled atmosphere chamber\/sample holder similar to that for battery materials is necessary. This chamber also caters to other research groups, units, and faculties at Tampere University. ",
"",
"For sustainability and circular economy research in materials science, such as in-situ tests for carbonation, a high-temperature chamber for the current XRD system with the capability to perform XRD in CO2 gas is needed. As an advantage, such a system would reduce ex-situ batch-type measurement times from weeks to in-situ measurements lasting several hours to days. These improvements will prevent economic losses in research results in the coming years, either due to the absence of an in-situ high-temperature system or due to long measurement times in the current system.",
"",
"The current XRD system contributes significantly to research output, including journal publications, conference presentations, and intellectual property rights (IPR). With the addition of an in-situ high-temperature reactive atmosphere chamber, Tampere University\u2019s research output is expected to grow in the fields of batteries, fuel cells, circular economy, and sustainability.",
"",
"",
"MARKET ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION FOR DIRECT AWARD",
"",
"Malvern Panalytical (hereinafter \u2018Awarded supplier\u2019 is one of the major X-ray diffraction measurement system and accessories suppliers in the world. The MSEE unit at ENS Faculty would like to order a high-temperature XRD system with reactive atmosphere from the awarded supplier due to the following reasons:",
"- The current X-ray diffraction measurement system at the MSEE unit is from the awarded supplier, and is compatible only with awarded supplier\u2019s equipment and software. Based on current needs, offered XRK900 fits university\u2019s \/ MSEE\u2019s research requirements.",
"- Awarded supplier also guarantees software support for manipulating the high temperature chamber, such as adjusting the gas pressure during the measurement and for uses a programmable z-axis manipulator for adjusting the sample. All the previous accessories of MSEE\u2019s current XRD system will function as usual after the installation of this high temperature XRD chamber. ",
"- Awarded supplier\u2019s HighScore Plus software database of standard XRD spectra, containing one of the largest collections of standard XRD spectra in the world, would also be applicable to the measurement data from high temperatures, in addition to current room temperature ones.",
"",
"Due to compatibility and technical reasons, only this specific supplier can be considered. Reasonable alternatives or substitute solutions do not exist, and absence of competition is not due to an artificial narrowing of purchase conditions. Previous experience for the last 10 years with this supplier\u2019s XRD system has been good in terms of performance despite numerous users and also in ordering maintenance. ",
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